“Retro-Greening” Suburban Calgary

REFERENCES

1. 1. Alberta Environmental Protection

   . 1999. Stormwater Management Guidelines for the Province of Alberta. Edmonton: Alberta Environmental Protection. environment.gov.ab.ca/info/library/6786.pdf [May 2008].
2. 1. Allen Richard,
   2. Pereira Luis,
   3. Raes Dirk,
   4. Smith Martin

   . 1998. Crop Evapotranspiration: Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirement, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
3. 1. Applied History Research Group

   . 1997. Population of Calgary 1884–1995. University of Calgary. www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/calgary/popchart2.html [April 2008].
4. 1. Banting Doug,
   2. Li James,
   3. Missios Paul

   . 2005. Report on the Environmental Benefits and Costs of Green Roof Technology for the City of Toronto. Toronto, ON: Earth and Environmental Technologies (OCE-ETech).
5. 1. Barraud Sylvie,
   2. Gautier Alexandra,
   3. Bardin Jean-Pascal,
   4. Riou V.

   1999. The impact of intentional stormwater infiltration on soil and groundwater. Water Science and Technology 39 (2): 185–192.

   OpenUrlGeoRefWeb of Science
6. 1. Bean Eban Zachary,
   2. Hunt William Frederick,
   3. Bidelspach David Alan

   . 2007. Evaluation of four permeable pavement sites in Eastern North Carolina for runoff reduction and water quality impacts. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering 133 (6): 583–592.

   OpenUrl
7. 1. Berndtsson Justyna Czemiel,
   2. Bengtsson Lars,
   3. Jinno Kenji

   . 2009. Runoff water quality from intensive and extensive vegetated roofs. Ecological Engineering 35 (3): 36–380.

   OpenUrl
8. 1. Bilotta Gary,
   2. Brazier Richard

   . 2008. Understanding the influence of suspended solids on water quality and aquatic biota. Water Research 42 (12): 2849–2861.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
9. 1. California Department of Water Resources

   . 2000. A Guide to Estimating Irrigation Water Needs of Landscape Plantings in California. Sacramento, CA: Department of Water Resources. www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/docs/wucols00.pdf [April 2010].
10. 1. Center for Transportation Research and Education (CTRE)

    . 2008. Iowa Stormwater Management Manual. Ames, IA: Iowa State University. www.ctre.iastate.edu/PUBS/stormwater/index.cfm [February 2010].
11. 1. City of Calgary

    . 2006. A History of Environmental Initiatives. City of Calgary. www.calgary.ca/portal/server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_562810_0_0_18/History+of+Environmental+Initiatives+.htm [February 2010].
12. 1. City of Calgary

    . 2007. Stormwater Management Report Year End 2006. City of Calgary. www.calgary.ca/docgallery/bu/water_services/emergency_planning/stormwater_report.pdf [April 2010].
13. 1. City of Calgary

    . 2009a. 2009 Civic census summary. City of Calgary. www.calgary.ca/DocGallery/BU/cityclerks/city.pdf [April 2008].
14. 1. City of Calgary

    . 2009b. Stormwater Fact Sheet. City of Calgary Water Services. www.calgary.ca/docgallery/bu/water_services/wastewater_treatment/stormwater_fact_sheet.pdf [February 2010].
15. 1. City of Portland

    . 2007a. SW 12th Avenue Green Street Project. Sustainable Stormwater Management Program, Portland Bureau of Environmental Services. www.portlandonline.com/bes/index.cfm?a=167503&c=45386 [February 2010].
16. 1. City of Portland

    . 2007b. Rain Garden at Glencoe Elementary School. Sustainable Stormwater Management Program. Portland Bureau of Environmental Services. www.portlandonline.com/shared/cfm/image.cfm?id=147510 [February 2010].
17. 1. City of Riverside Planning Department

    . 1994. Water Efficient Landscaping and Irrigation Ordinance Summary and Design Manual, 2nd ed. www.riversideca.gov/planning/pdf/waterls.pdf [January 2008].
18. 1. Connelly Maureen,
    2. Liu Karen,
    3. Schaub John

    . 2006. BCIT Green Roof Research Program, Phase 1 Summary of Data Analysis, Observation Period, Jan. 1, 2005 to Dec. 31, 2005, Report to Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. Ottowa, ON: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.
19. 1. Dawson E. J.,
    2. Macklin Mark

    . 1998. Speciation of heavy metals on suspended sediment under high flow conditions in the River Aire, West Yorkshire, UK. Hydrological Processes 12: 1483–1494.

    OpenUrlCrossRefGeoRefWeb of Science
20. 1. Dietz Michael E.,
    2. Clausen John C.

    2005. A field evaluation of rain garden flow and pollutant treatment. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 167 (1–4): 123–138.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
21. 1. Fassman Elizabeth,
    2. Voyde Emily,
    3. Simcock Robyn,
    4. Wells Julia

    . 2008. Quantifying evapotranspiration rates for New Zealand green roofs. In Proceedings of the International Low Impact Development Conference 2008, ed. She Nian, Clar Michael. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers.
22. 1. Fassman Elizabeth,
    2. Blackbourn Samuel David

    . 2009. Final technical report: Permeable pavement for urban storm-water runoff mitigation. University of Auckland, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. www.cee.auckland.ac.nz/i/personal_space/efassman/Final%20Technical%20Report-Executive%20Summary.pdf [April 2010].
23. 1. Fesko Paul

    . 2007. The City of Calgary: Storm water strategy. City of Calgary Water Resources. Presented at the Innovative Stormwater Management (ISM) Calgary Conference. Calgary, AB. research.ires.ubc.ca/projects/ISM/include/Calpdfs/Fesko_ISM_Oct2007.pdf [February 2010].
24. 1. FLL

    . 2002. Richtlinie für die Planung, Ausführung und Pflege von Dachbegrünungen (Guidelines for the Planning, Creation and Maintenance of Green Roofs). Bonn, Germany: Forschungsgesellschaft Landschaftsentwicklung Landschaftsbau e.V. (FLL).
25. 1. Gilbert Jennifer,
    2. Clausen John

    . 2006. Stormwater runoff quality and quantity from asphalt, paver and crushed stone driveways in Connecticut. Water Research 40: 826–832.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
26. 1. Hargreaves George,
    2. Samani Zohrab

    . 1985. Reference crop evapotranspiration and temperature. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 1 (2): 96–99.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
27. 1. Hilten Roger Norris,
    2. Lawrence Thomas Mark,
    3. Tollner Earnest William

    . 2008. Modeling stormwater runoff from green roofs with HYDRUS-1D. Journal of Hydrology 358: 288–293.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
28. 1. Hutchinson Doug,
    2. Abrams Peter,
    3. Retzlaff Ryan,
    4. Liptan Tom

    . 2003. Stormwater monitoring two ecoroofs in Portland, Oregon, USA. In Proceedings of Greening Rooftops for Sustainable Communities: Chicago 2003. Toronto, ON: Green Roofs for Healthy Cities.
29. 1. Köhler Manfred,
    2. Schmidt Marco,
    3. Grimme Friedrich W,
    4. Laar Michael,
    5. Gusmão Fernando

    . 2001. Urban water retention by greened roofs in temperate and tropical climate. In Proceedings of the 38th World Congress IFLA, 2001, 124–133. Singapore.
30. 1. Kronvang Brian.,
    2. Laubel A.,
    3. Larsen Søren E.,
    4. Friberg Nikolai

    . 2003. Pesticides and heavy metals in Danish streambed sediment. Hydrobiologia 494 (1–3): 93–101.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
31. 1. Kurtz Tim

    . 2008. Managing street runoff with green streets. In Proceedings of the 2008 International Low Impact Development Conference, ed. She Nian, Clar Michael. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers.
32. 1. Marsalek Jiri

    . 2006. Overview of urban drainage impacts on aquatic habitat. In Integrated Urban Water Resources Management, ed. Hlavinek Petr, Kukharchyk Tamara, Marsalek Jiri, Mahrikova Ivana, 181–190. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer Netherlands.
33. 1. Moran Amy,
    2. Hunt Bill,
    3. Smith Jonathan

    . 2005. Hydrologic and water quality performance from greenroofs in Goldsboro and Raleigh, North Carolina. In Proceedings of Green Roofs for Healthy Cities Conference, Washington D.C. Toronto, ON: The Cardinal Group.
34. 1. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection

    . 2004. New Jersey Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual. Trenton: New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. www.nj.gov/dep/stormwater/bmp_manual2.htm [March 2009].
35. 1. Ngan Goya

    . 2004. Green Roof Policies: Tools for Encouraging Sustainable Design. Saskatoon: The author. www.gnla.ca/assets/Policy%20report.pdf [March 2010].
36. 1. North Carolina Division of Water Quality

    . 2007. North Carolina Stormwater Best Management Practices Manual. Raleigh: The author. wire.enr.state.nc.us/su/bmp_updates.htm [March 2009].
37. 1. Peck Steven W.,
    2. Callaghan Chris,
    3. Kuhn Monica E.,
    4. Bass Brad

    . 1999. Greenbacks from Green Roofs: Forging a New Industry in Canada. Toronto, ON: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.
38. 1. Penman Howard L

    . 1948. Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil, and grass. In Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 1948, A193: 120–145. London: The Royal Society.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
39. 1. Pitt Robert,
    2. Chen Shen-En,
    3. Clark Shirley

    . 2002. Compacted urban soils effects on infiltration and bioretention storm-water control designs. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage, IWA IAHR, EWRI, ASCE 2002, ed. Strecker Eric W., Huber Wayne C. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers.
40. 1. Pitt Robert,
    2. Bannerman Roger,
    3. Clark Shirley,
    4. Williamson Derek

    . 2004. Effective Modeling of Urban Water Systems: Sources of Pollutants in Urban Areas (Part 2.)—Recent Sheetflow Monitoring. Monograph 13, ed. James William, Irvine Kim N., McBean Edward A., Pitt Robert E., 485–506.
41. 1. Roehr Daniel,
    2. Kong Yuewei

    . 2010a. Runoff reduction effects of green roofs in Vancouver, BC, Kelowna, BC, and Shanghai, P.R., China. Canadian Water Resources Journal 35 (1): 53–68. Guelph, ON: CHI Publications.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
42. 1. Roehr Daniel,
    2. Kong Yuewei

    . 2010b. Stormwater runoff reduction achieved by green roofs: Comparing SWMM Method to TR-55 Method. In Proceedings of the 2010 International Low Impact Development Conference, ed. Struck Scott, Lichten Keith H.: 1012–1021. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers.
43. 1. Rossman Lewis A

    . 2009. Stormwater Management Model User’s Manual Version 5.0. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
44. 1. Schueler Thomas

    . 1987. Controlling Urban Runoff: A Practical Manual for Planning and Designing Urban BMPs. Washington, DC: Washington Metropolitan Water Resources Planning Board.
45. 1. Seattle Department of Planning and Development

    . 2009. Green Factor Score Sheet. Seattle: The author. www.seattle.gov/dpd/Permits/GreenFactor/Overview/ [February 2010].
46. 1. Snyder Richard L.,
    2. Eching Simon

    . 2007. Penman-Monteith Daily (24-hour) Reference Evapotranspiration Equations for Estimating ETo, ETr and HS ETo with Daily Data, (PM-Day.xls spreadsheet). Davis, CA: Regents of the University of California.
47. 1. Statistics Canada

    . 2007. Portrait of the Canadian Population in 2006, 2006 Census: Population and Dwelling Counts. Minister of Industry. www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/analysis/popdwell/pdf/97-550-XIE2006001.pdf [May 2008].
48. 1. Tsenkova Sasha

    . 2006. Places and People: Planning New Communities. Calgary, AB: Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary. www.ucalgary.ca/cities/place.htm [May 2008].
49. 1. T. Buck Suzuki Environmental Foundation

    . 2002. Hidden Killer. www.bucksuzuki.org/publications/booklets/Hidden_Killer.pdf [October 2008].
50. 1. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center

    . 1998. The WES Handbook on Water Quality Enhancement Techniques for Reservoirs and Tailwaters. http://chl.erdc.usace.army.mil/Media/2/8/8/WQ_Manual.pdf [March 2009].
51. 1. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)

    . 1986. Urban Hydrology for Small Watersheds (TR55 Revised). Washington, DC: USDA.
52. 1. Van Buren Mark,
    2. Edgar Watt W.,
    3. Marsalek Jiri

    . 2000. Thermal enhancement of stormwater runoff by paved surfaces. Water Research, 34 (4): 1359–1371.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
53. 1. Van Metre Peter C.,
    2. Mahler Barbara J.

    2003. The contribution of particles washed from rooftops to contaminant loading to urban streams. Chemosphere 52 (10): 1727–1741.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
54. 1. White Rodney R

    . 2002. Building the Ecological City. Boca Raton, FL: CRC.
55. 1. Winer Rebecca

    . 2000. National Pollutant Removal Performance Database for Stormwater Treatment Practices. Silver Spring, MD: Center for Watershed Protection.
56. 1. Winer Rebecca

    . 2007. National Pollutant Removal Performance Database Version 3. Ellicott City, MD: Center for Watershed Protection.