Themes in Landscape Assessment Theory

Abstract

This paper is a response to several recent critical reviews and to the perceived need for a unifying theory of the field of landscape assessment. Three approaches or paradigms are identified in terms of their theoretical or conceptual orientations and their potential contributions to the field: professional, behavioral, and humanistic. Different levels of theory and the major theoretical and conceptual themes that run through the paradigms—normative aesthetic values, biological heritage, and cultural influence—are illustrated with selected examples from the scientific and professional literature. A transactional theoretical orientation is suggested as a basis for studying relationships within and among paradigms and themes and for contributing incrementally to knowledge and applications in the field.