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Research ArticleArticles

Spectrum Matrix

Landscape Design and Landscape Experience

Terry L. Clements and Sarah J. Dorminey
Landscape Journal, January 2011, 30 (2) 241-260; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.30.2.241
Terry L. Clements
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Sarah J. Dorminey
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Abstract

Landscape architects are challenged to create places that promote human interaction, involvement, and experience. While there is a growing body of literature providing performance-driven design guidelines, there is a dearth of direction for those wanting to design landscapes for more engaging landscape experiences. This paper addresses this gap by posing a theoretical relationship between an individual’s perception and cognition, and the use of landscape elements and their qualities in site design. The paper posits that Csikszentmihalyi’s flow theory and Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences relate levels of challenge, intelligence traits, and capacities to an individual’s landscape experience. The article presents a matrix of possible experiences, the Spectrum Matrix derived from Csikszentmihalyi and Gardner, as a generative design tool for use at various points during the design process to enhance a site design’s development to provide more opportunities for engaging landscape experiences. Case study descriptions of built sites demonstrate possible landscape elements, qualities and challenges related to the different ways individual users perceive and interact with and in landscapes.

  • Design process
  • flow theory
  • multiple intelligences
  • landscape experience
  • © 2011 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

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Landscape Journal: 30 (2)
Landscape Journal
Vol. 30, Issue 2
1 Jan 2011
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Spectrum Matrix
Terry L. Clements, Sarah J. Dorminey
Landscape Journal Jan 2011, 30 (2) 241-260; DOI: 10.3368/lj.30.2.241

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Spectrum Matrix
Terry L. Clements, Sarah J. Dorminey
Landscape Journal Jan 2011, 30 (2) 241-260; DOI: 10.3368/lj.30.2.241
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Keywords

  • design process
  • flow theory
  • multiple intelligences
  • landscape experience
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