Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
  • Alerts
  • Free Issue
  • ASLA Research Grant
  • Other Publications
    • UWP
    • Ecological Restoration
    • Land Economics
    • Native Plants Journal

User menu

  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Landscape Journal
  • Other Publications
    • UWP
    • Ecological Restoration
    • Land Economics
    • Native Plants Journal
  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Landscape Journal

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
  • Alerts
  • Free Issue
  • ASLA Research Grant
  • Follow uwp on Twitter
  • Visit uwp on Facebook
Research ArticleArticles

Equity, Empowerment, or Participation

Prioritizing Goals in Community Design

Katherine Melcher
Landscape Journal, February 2014, 32 (2) 167-182; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.32.2.167
Katherine Melcher
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

REFERENCE LIST

    1. Arc Ecology Coastal Conservancy,
    2. Literacy for Environmental Justice,
    3. Bayview-Hunters Point Community Advocates,
    4. University of San Francisco,
    5. FarWest Environmental Restoration,
    6. Hargreaves Associates
    . 2006. From Pollution to Parkland: Alternatives for a Waterfront Park at Hunter’s Point Shipyard. San Francisco, CA: Arc Ecology.
    1. Arnstein Sherry
    . 1969. A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Planning Association 35(4): 216–224.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Bhatia Rajiv
    . 2007. Protecting health using an environmental impact assessment: A case study of San Francisco land use decisionmaking. American Journal of Public Health 97(3): 406–413. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2005.073817.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Blake Sheri
    . 2003. Community design centers: an alternative practice. In Time-Saver Standards for Urban Design, ed. Watson Donald, Palttus Alan, Shibley Robert, 4–11. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    1. Boone Christopher G.,
    2. Buckley Geoffrey L.,
    3. Morgan Grove J.,
    4. Sister Chona
    . 2009. Parks and people: An environmental justice inquiry in Baltimore, Maryland. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 99(4): 767–787. doi: 10.1080/00045600903102949.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Bowns Caru
    . 2011. Facilitating the production of place-based knowledge for participatory community development in rural Pennsylvania. Children, Youth & Environments 21(1): 275–292.
    OpenUrl
    1. Brandt Jesper,
    2. Vejre Henrik
    . 2003. Multifunctional landscapes—motives, concepts and perceptions. In Multifunctional Landscapes: Theory, Values, and History, vol. 1, ed. Brandt Jesper, Vejre Hans, 3–31. Southampton: WIT Press.
    OpenUrl
    1. Christenson James A
    . 1989. Themes of community development. In Community Development in Perspective, ed. Christenson James A., Robinson Jerry W. Jr.., 26–47. Ames: Iowa State Press.
    1. Comerio Mary C.
    1984. Community design: Idealism and entrepreneurship. Journal of Architectural and Planning Research 1(4): 227–243.
    OpenUrl
    1. Crewe Katherine,
    2. Forsyth Ann
    . 2003. LandSCAPES: A typology of approaches to landscape architecture. Landscape Journal 22(1): 37–53.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Curry Rex
    . 2004. Community design centers. In Good Deeds, Good Design: Community Service Through Architecture, edited by. Bell Bryan, 61–70. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.
    1. Cutts Bethany B.,
    2. Kate Darby J.,
    3. Boone Christopher,
    4. Brewis Alexandra
    . 2009. City structure, obesity, and environmental justice: An integrated analysis of physical and social barriers to walkable streets and park access. Social Science & Medicine 69(9): 1314–1322. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.08.020.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Davidoff Paul
    . 1965. Advocacy and pluralism in planning. Journal of the American Institute of Planners 31(4): 331–338. doi: 10.1080/01944366508978187.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Deming M. Elen,
    2. Swaffield Simon
    . 2011. Landscape Architecture Research: Inquiry, Strategy, Design.Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
    1. Farbstein Jay,
    2. Kantrowitz Min
    . 1991. Design research in the swamp: Toward a new Paradigm. In Advances in Environment, Behavior, and Design, Vol. 3, edited by Zube Ervin H., Moore Gary T., 297–318. New York: Plenum Press.
    1. Flyvbjerg Bent
    . 2001. Making Social Science Matter: Why Social Inquiry Fails and How it Can Succeed Again, trans. Sampson Steven. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    1. Francis Mark
    . 1983. Community design. Journal of Architectural Education 37(1): 14–19.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Francis Mark
    . 1999. Proactive practice: Visionary thought and participatory action in environmental design. Places 12(2): 60–68.
    OpenUrl
    1. Franzini Luisa,
    2. Taylor Wendell,
    3. Elliott Marc,
    4. Cuccaro Paula,
    5. Tortolero Susan R.,
    6. Janice Gilliland M.,
    7. Grunbaum JoAnne,
    8. Mark Schuster A.
    2010. Neighborhood characteristics favorable to outdoor physical activity: Disparities by socioeconomic and racial/ethnic composition. Health and Place 16(2): 267–274. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.10.009.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Frumkin Howard
    . 2005. Health, equity, and the built environment. Environmental Health Perspectives 113(5): A290–A291.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Heller Jonathan C.,
    2. Bhatia Rajiv
    . 2007. The East Bay Greenway Health Impact Assessment. San Francisco, CA: Human Impact Partners and Urban Ecology.
    1. Hester Randolph T.
    1987. Participatory design and environmental justice: Pas de deux or time to change partners? Journal of Architectural & Planning Research 4(4): 289–300.
    OpenUrlWeb of Science
    1. Hester Randolph T.
    1989. Community design today: From the inside out. Landscape Journal 8(2): 128–137.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Hester Randolph T
    . 1990. Community Design Primer. Mendocino, Calif: Ridge Times Press.
    1. Hester Randolph T.
    1999. A refrain with a view. Places 12(2): 12–25.
    OpenUrlWeb of Science
    1. Hester Randolph T.
    2011. Afterword. Landscape Journal 30(1): 148–150.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
    1. Hester Randolph T.
    2012. Scoring collective creativity and legitimizing participatory design. Landscape Journal 31(1–2): 135–143.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
    1. Hou Jeffrey,
    2. Francis Mark,
    3. Brightbill Nathan
    . 2005. Introduction: (Re)constructing community design. In (Re)constructing Communities: Design Participation in the Face of Change, ed. Hou Jeffrey, Francis Mark, Brightbill Nathan, 6–17. Davis, CA: Center for Design Research, University of California Davis.
    1. Hou Jeffrey,
    2. Rios Michael
    . 2003. Community-driven place making: The social practice of participatory design in the making of Union Point Park. Journal of Architectural Education 57(1): 19–27. doi: 10.2307/1425736.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Joassart-Marcelli Pascale
    . 2010. Leveling the playing field? Urban disparities in funding for local parks and recreation in the Los Angeles region. Environment and Planning A 42(5): 1174–1192 doi: http://www.envplan.com/epa/epa_current.html.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Juarez Jeffrey A.,
    2. Brown Kyle D.
    2008. Extracting or empowering? A critique of participatory methods for marginalized populations. Landscape Journal 27(2): 190–204.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Kweit Robert W.,
    2. Kweit Mary Grisez
    . 1999. People and Politics in Urban America, 2nd ed. New York: Garland Publishing.
    1. Lawson Laura,
    2. Sorensen Janni
    . 2010. When overwhelming needs meet underwhelming prospects: Sustaining community open space activism in East St. Louis. In Insurgent Public Space: Guerilla Urbanism and the Remaking of Contemporary Cities, ed. Hou Jeffrey, 255–266. London: Routledge.
    1. Linn Karl
    . 2007. Building Commons and Community. Oakland, CA: New Village Press.
    1. Matanovic Milenko
    . 2007. Multiple Victories: Pomegranate Center’s Art of Creating Community-Crafted Gathering Places. Issaquah, WA: Pomegranate Center.
    1. McIntyre Alice
    . 2008. Participatory Action Research.Los Angeles: Sage Publications.
    1. McNally Marcia
    . 1999a. Leader, advocate, or facilitator? What is the best model for landscape architecs’ involvement in the community-design process? Landscape Architecture 89(2): 46, 48, 50–51.
    OpenUrl
    1. McNally Marcia
    . 1999b. Drafting a regional blueprint for sustainability. Places: Forum of Design for the Public Realm 12(2): 26–29.
    OpenUrl
    1. Naparstek Arthur,
    2. Dooley Dennis,
    3. Smith Robin
    . 1997. Community Building in Public Housing: Ties that Bind People and their Communities. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Public and Indian Housing, Office of Public Housing, Investments Office of Urban Revitalization.
    1. Naveh Zev
    . 2001. Ten major premises for a holistic conception of multifunctional landscapes. Landscape and Urban Planning 57(3–4): 269–284. doi: 10.1016/s0169-2046(01)00209-2.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Olwig Kenneth R.
    2003. A theoretically reflexive approach to the historical aspects of multifunctionality in landscapes: Opposing views. In Multifunctional Landscapes: Theory, Values, and History, vol. 1, ed. Brandt Jesper, Vejre Hans, 115–135. Southampton: WIT Press.
    1. Rios Michael
    . 2006. Where do we go from here? An evaluative framework for community-based design. In From the Studio to the Streets: Service-Learning in Planning and Architecture, ed. Hardin Mary C., Eribes Richard Anthony, Poster Corky, 47–58. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publishing.
    1. Roberts John N.
    2008. Community activism vs. community design. Places: Forum of Design for the Public Realm 20(2): 80–84.
    OpenUrlWeb of Science
    1. Sanoff Henry
    ..2000. Community Participation Methods in Design and Planning. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
    1. Sanoff Henry
    . 2008. Multiple views of participatory design. Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 2(1): 57–69.
    OpenUrl
    1. Schön Donald A.
    1984. The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action.New York: Basic Books.
    1. Stokols Daniel
    . 2006. Toward a science of transdisciplinary research. American Journal of Community Psychology 38(1–2): 63–77.
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
    1. Suminski Richard R.,
    2. Connolly Erin K.,
    3. May Linda E.,
    4. Wasserman Jason,
    5. Olvera Norma,
    6. Lee Rebecca E.
    2012. Park quality in racial/ethnic minority neighborhoods. Environmental Justice 5(6): 271–278. doi: 10.1089/env.2012.0013.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Thering Susan,
    2. Chanse Victoria
    . 2011. The scholarship of transdisciplinary action research: Toward a new paradigm for the planning and design professions. Landscape Journal 30(1): 6–18.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Thering Susan,
    2. Doble Cheryl
    . 2000. Theory and practice in sustainability: Building a ladder of community focused education and outreach. Landscape Jounal 19(1): 191–200.
    OpenUrl
    1. Toker Umut
    . 2012. Making Community Design Work: A Guide for Planners. Chicago: APA Planners Press.
    1. Toker Zeynep
    . 2007. Recent trends in community design: The eminence of participation. Design Studies 28(3): 309–323. doi: 10.1016/j.destud.2007.02.008.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Urban Ecology
    . 2008a. East Bay Greenway Concept Plan: Executive Summary. San Francisco, CA: Urban Ecology.
    1. Urban Ecology
    . 2008b. East Bay Greenway: Concept Plan for a Pedestrian and Bicycle Path. San Francisco, CA: Urban Ecology.
    1. Wolch Jennifer R.,
    2. Wilson John P.,
    3. Fehrenbach Jed
    . 2005. Parks and park funding in Los Angeles: An equity-mapping analysis. Urban Geography 26(1): 4–35.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Wulz Fredrik
    . 1986. The concept of participation. In Participatory Design, Theory and Techniques, ed, Sanoff Henry, 39–48. Raleigh, NC: Bookmasters.
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Landscape Journal: 32 (2)
Landscape Journal
Vol. 32, Issue 2
19 Feb 2014
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Back Matter (PDF)
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Landscape Journal.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Equity, Empowerment, or Participation
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Landscape Journal
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Landscape Journal web site.
Citation Tools
Equity, Empowerment, or Participation
Katherine Melcher
Landscape Journal Feb 2014, 32 (2) 167-182; DOI: 10.3368/lj.32.2.167

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Equity, Empowerment, or Participation
Katherine Melcher
Landscape Journal Feb 2014, 32 (2) 167-182; DOI: 10.3368/lj.32.2.167
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Humility, Honor, Remembrance, and Reverence: Collaboration Principles between Indigenous Environmental Nonprofits and Environmental Design Colleges
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • A Tribute to Robert B. Riley 1931–2019
  • Core Knowledge Domains of Landscape Architecture
  • Fluid or Fixed? Processes that Facilitate or Constrain a Sense of Inclusion in Participatory Schoolyard and Park Design
Show more Articles

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • environmental justice
  • Public space
  • greenways
  • schoolyards
  • participatory design
  • community development
  • advocacy planning
  • community building
  • reflective practice
UW Press logo

© 2025 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

Powered by HighWire