Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
  • Alerts
  • Free Issue
  • ASLA Research Grant
  • Other Publications
    • UW Press Journals
    • Ecological Restoration
    • Land Economics
    • Native Plants Journal

User menu

  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Landscape Journal
  • Other Publications
    • UW Press Journals
    • Ecological Restoration
    • Land Economics
    • Native Plants Journal
  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Landscape Journal

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
  • Alerts
  • Free Issue
  • ASLA Research Grant
  • Follow uwp on Twitter
  • Visit uwp on Facebook
Research ArticleArticles

Stewardship Now?

Reflections on Landscape Architecture’s Raison d’être in the 21st Century

Richard Weller
Landscape Journal, February 2015, 33 (2) 85-108; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.33.2.85
Richard Weller
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

REFERENCES

    1. Adams Emily A
    . 2012. World Forest Area Still on the Decline. http://www.earth-policy.org/indicators/C56/forests_2012 [June 20, 2013].
    1. Ahern Jack
    . 2004. Greenways in the USA: theory, trends and prospects. In Ecological Networks and Greenways: Concept, Design and Implementation, ed. Jongman Rob, Pungetti Gloria, 34–53. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    1. American Society of Landscape Architects.
    2013a. http://www.asla.org/AboutJoin.aspx [June 20, 2013].
    1. American Society of Landscape Architects.
    2013b. The Sustainable Sites Initiative: Guidelines and Performance Benchmarks. http://www.sustainablesites.org/report/GuidelinesandPerformanceBenchmarks.pdf [June 20, 2013].
    1. Australian Institute of Landscape Architects
    . 2013. Sustainable Settlement, Green Infrastructure. The Australian Landscape Charter. http://www.aila.org.au/charter/ [June 20, 2013].
    1. Barnett Rod
    . 2013. Emergence in Landscape Architecture. New York: Routledge.
    1. Bennett Graham,
    2. Witt Piet
    2001. The Development and Application of Ecological Networks: A Review of Proposals, Plans and Programs. IUCN Report, B1142. Gland Switzerland: IUCN World Conservation Union and AIDEnvironment.
    1. Berger Alan
    . 2007. Preface. In Ian McHarg: Conversations with Students: Dwelling In Nature, ed. Corner James, Hawthorne Brian, Margulus Lynn. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.
    1. Berger Alan
    . 2009. Systemic Design Can Change the World. Amsterdam: Sun Publishers.
    1. Brenner Neil,
    2. Schmid Christian
    2011. Planetary urbanization. In Urban Constellations ed. Gandy Mathew, 10–13. Berlin: Jovis Verlag.
    1. Bunster-Ossa Ignacio F
    .2014. Reconsidering Ian McHarg: The Future of Urban Ecology. Chicago: American Planning Association, Planners Press.
    1. Calthorpe Peter
    . 2012. Urbanism and Climate Change. In Sustainable Urbanism and Beyond: Rethinking Cities for the Future, ed. Haas Tigran, 14 –17. New York: Rizzoli.
    1. Chambers Neil
    . 2010. Urban Green: Architecture for the Future. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
    1. Chinese Society of Landscape Architects
    . http://www.chsla.org.cn/en/ [June 20, 2013].
    1. Convention on Biological Diversity
    . 2011. Quick Guide to the Aichi Biodiversity Targets: Target 11. http://www.cbd.int/doc/strategic-plan/targets/T11-quick-guide-en.pdf [July 20, 2013].
    1. Convention on Biological Diversity
    . 2012. Cites and Biodiversity Outlook—Action and Policy: A Global Assessment of the Links between Urbanization, Biodiversity, and Ecosystem Services. http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbo-booklet-2012-en.pdf [July 20, 2013].
    1. Convention on Biological Diversity
    . 2013. Aichi Target 11 Technical Rationale. http://www.cbd.int/sp/targets/rationale/target-11/ [July 20, 2013).
    1. Cook Robert E
    . 2000. Do landscapes learn? Ecology’s “new paradigm” and design in landscape architecture. In Environmentalism in Landscape Architecture, ed. Conan Michael, 115–132. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
    1. Corner James
    . 1991a. Landscape architecture and critical inquiry. Landscape Journal. 10(2): 155–172.
    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
    1. Corner James.
    1991b. A Discourse on Theory II: Three tyrannies of contemporary theory and the alternative of hermeneutics. Landscape Journal 10(2): 115–133.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Corner James
    . 1996. Taking Measures Across the American Landscape. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
    1. Corner James
    . 1997. Ecology and landscape as agents of creativity. In Ecological Design and Planning, ed. Thompson George F., Steiner Frederick R., 80–108. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
    1. Corner James
    . 2014. The Landscape Imagination: Collected Essays of James Corner 1990–2010. New York: Princeton University Press.
    1. Denig Nancy.
    1985. On Values Revisited: A Judeo-Christian Theology of Man and Nature. Landscape Journal 4(2): 96–105.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Dramstad Wenche E.,
    2. Olson James D.,
    3. Forman Richard T.T.
    1996. Landscape Ecology Principles in Landscape Architecture and Land-Use Planning. Washington DC: Island Press.
    1. Duany Andres,
    2. Talen Emily
    . 2013. Landscape Urbanism and its Discontents. Dissimulating the Sustainable City. Gabrioloa Island, Canada: New Society Publishers.
    1. Ellis Erle C
    . 2013. (Anthropogenic Taxonomies) A Taxonomy of the Human Biosphere. In Projective Ecologies, ed. Reed Chris, Lister Nina-Marie, 168–183. New York: Actar and Harvard Graduate School of Design.
    1. Elmqvist Thomas,
    2. Parnell Susan,
    3. Fragkias Michail,
    4. Goodness Julie,
    5. Guneralp Burak,
    6. Scewenius Maria,
    7. Sendstad Marte,
    8. Macotullo Peter J.,
    9. Seto Karen C,
    10. McDonald Robert I,
    11. Wilkinson Cathy
    . eds. 2013. Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities—A Global Assessment. Dordrecht, Netherlands:Springer
    1. Evans Loyd T.
    , 1998. Feeding the Ten Billion: Plants and Population Growth. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
    1. Fábos Julius.G.,
    2. Lindhult Mark,
    3. Ryan Robert. L,
    4. Jacknin Madeline
    .. eds. 2013. Proceedings of Fábos Conference on Landscape and Greenway Planning 2013: Pathways to Sustainability. University of Massachusetts, Amherst, April 12–13, 2013. Amherst, MA: Department of Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.
    1. Flannery Tim
    . 2011. Here on Earth: A Natural History of the Planet. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
    1. Flaxman Michael
    . 2012. Paper presented at Geodesign Summit; Redlands CA, January 2010. Amended by Stephen Ervin at the Geodesign Summit, Redlands, CA, January 2012 Cited in Carl Steinitz, A Framework for Geodesign: Changing Geography by Design, 12. Esri: Redlands, California:.
    1. Flint Andrew
    . 2006. This Land: The Battle over Sprawl and the Future of America. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
    1. Forman Richard T.T.
    2008. Urban Regions: Ecology and Planning Beyond the City. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    1. Forman Richard T.T.
    2013. Urban Ecology: The Science of Cities. New York: Cambridge University Press.
    1. Hall Sir Peter,
    2. Pfeiffer Ulrich
    2000. Urban Future 21: A Global Agenda for Twenty First Century Cities. Oxon: Taylor and Francis.
    1. Hansen M. C.,
    2. Potapov P. V.,
    3. Moore R.,
    4. Hancher M.,
    5. Turubanova S. A.,
    6. Tyukavina A.,
    7. Thau D.,
    8. Stehman S. V.,
    9. Goetz S. J.,
    10. Loveland T. R.,
    11. Kommareddy A.,
    12. Egorov A.,
    13. Chini L,
    14. Justice C. O.,
    15. Townshend J. R. G.
    2013. High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science 342(6160): 850–853.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Heise Ursula K
    . 2008. Sense of Place and Sense of Planet: The Environmental Imagination of the Global. New York: Oxford University Press.
    1. Hellmund Paul C.,
    2. Smith Daniel S.
    2006 Designing Greenways: Sustainable Landscapes for Nature and People Washington DC: Island Press.
    1. Henderson Lawrence J
    . 1913. The Fitness of the Environment. New York: Macmillan.
    1. Herrington Susan.
    2010. The Nature of Ian McHarg’s Science. Landscape Journal 29(1):1–20.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Hill Kristina
    . 2005. Shifting sites. In Site Matters: Design Concepts, Histories, and Strategies, ed. Burns Carol, Kahn Andrea, 131–156. New York: Routledge.
    1. Hobbs Richard J.,
    2. Higgs Eric S.,
    3. Hall Carol M.
    2013. Novel Ecosystems: Intervening in the New Ecological World Order. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Blackwell.
    1. Hull Bruce R.
    , 2006. Infinite Nature. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
    1. International Federation of Landscape Architects
    . 2013. http://www.iflaonline.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=34&Itemid=57 [June 20, 2013].
    1. International Union for the Conservation of Nature
    . 2013.http://www.iucn.org/ [Saturday, 27 July 2013].
    1. John-Adler Kathleen L.
    2013. Towards a New Landscape: Modern Courtyard Housing and Ian McHarg’s Urbanism. Journal of Planning History XX(X) 1–20.
    1. Jongman Rob,
    2. Bogers Marion
    2008. Current Status of the Practical Implementation of Ecological Networks in the Netherlands, European Centre for Nature Conservation. http://www.ecologicalnetworks.eu/documents/publications/ken/NetherlandsKENWP2.pdf. [September 8, 2014].
    1. Lovelock James
    . 1988. The Ages of Gaia: A Biography of Our Living Earth. London, W.W. Norton.
    1. Lovelock James
    . 2010. The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning. New York, Basic Books.
    1. Lyle John T.
    1991. Can Floating Seeds Make Deep Forms? Landscape Journal. 10:37–47.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. McHarg Ian L.
    1992. Design With Nature, 25th Anniversary ed. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
    1. Merchant Carolyn
    . 2003. Reinventing Eden. The Fate of Nature in Western Culture. New York, Routledge.
    1. Meyer Elizabeth K
    . 2000. The Post Earth Day Conundrum: Translating Environmental Aesthetics into Landscape Design. In Environmentalism in Landscape Architecture, Ed. Conan Michael, 187–244. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
    1. Miller James R.
    , 2008. Conserving biodiversity in metropolitan landscapes: A matter of scale (but which scale?). Landscape Journal. 27:114–126.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Mittermeier Russell A,
    2. Turner Will R,
    3. Larson Frank W,
    4. Brooks Thomas M,
    5. Gascon Claude
    . 2011. Global Biodiversity Conservation: The Critical Role of Hotspots. In Biodiversity Hotspots: Distribution and Protection of Conservation Priority Areas, ed. Zachos Frank E., Habel Jan, 3–22. Luxembourg: Springer.
    1. Nassauer Joan
    . 2011 Care and Stewardship: From Home to Planet. Landscape and Urban Planning. 100/4. 321–323.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. New Zealand Institute of Landscape Architects
    . http://www.iflaonline.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=26&Itemid=36 [June 20, 2013].
    1. Nadenicek Daniel J,
    2. Hastings Catherine M.
    2000. Environmental Rhetoric, Environmental Sophism: The Words and Work of Landscape Architecture. In Environmentalism in Landscape Architecture, ed. Conan Michael, 133–161. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
    1. Opdam Paul,
    2. Wascher Dirk
    . 2004. Climate Change Meets Habitat Fragmentation: Linking Landscape and Biogeographical Scale Level in Research and Conservation. Biological Conservation 117:285–297.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Opdam Paul,
    2. Luque Sandra,
    3. Bruce Jones K.
    2009. Changing Landscapes to Accommodate for Climate Change Impacts: A Call for Landscape Ecology. Landscape Ecology 24(6):. 715–721.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Opdam Paul,
    2. Steingröver Eveliene
    . 2008. Designing metropolitan landscapes for biodiversity: Deriving guidelines from metapopulation ecology. Landscape Journal 27(1): 69–80.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. Scarfo Robert.
    1988. Stewardship and the Profession of Landscape Architecture. Landscape Journal, 7(3): 46–51.
    OpenUrl
    1. Seto Karen C.,
    2. Burak Güneralp B.,
    3. Hutyra Lucy R.
    2012. Global Forecasts of Urban Expansion to 2030 and Direct Impacts on Biodiversity and Carbon Pools. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States. 109(40): 16083–16088.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
    1. Sijmons Dirk
    . 2009. Utopia’s Practical Cousin. In Systemic Design Can Change the World, ed. Berger Alan. Amsterdam, Sun Publishers.
    1. Spirn Anne. W.
    2000. Ian McHarg, Environmentalism, and Landscape Architecture: Ideas and Methods in Context. In Environmentalism in Landscape Architecture, ed. Conan Michael, 97–114 Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
    1. Spirn Anne.W.
    1984. The Granite Garden: Urban Nature and Human Design. Basic Books.
    1. Steiner Frederick R
    . ed. 2006. The Essential Ian McHarg: Writings on Design and Nature. Washington, DC: Island Books.
    1. Steiner Frederick R.,
    2. Thompson George F.
    , eds. 1997. Ecological Design and Planning. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
    1. Steiner Frederick R.,
    2. Ian McHarg
    , eds. 1988. To Heal the Earth: Selected Writings of Ian McHarg. Washington DC: Island Press.
    1. Steinitz Carl
    . 2012. A Framework for Geodesign: Changing Geography by Design. Redlands, CA.: Esri Press.
    1. Thayer Robert L.
    1997. Gray World–Green Heart: Technology, Nature and the Sustainable Landscape. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
    1. Thayer Robert L.
    2003. LifePlace: Bioregional Thought and Practice. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
    1. Treib Marc.
    1995. Must landscapes mean?: approaches to significance in recent landscape architecture. Landscape Journal 14(1): 46–62.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
    1. United Nations
    . 2012a. Food and Agriculture Organization, Forest Resources Assessment 2012: Global tables (Rome, 2010) accessed at http://www.earth-policy.org/indicators/C56/forests_2012. [September 8, 2014].
    1. United Nations
    . 2012b. World Population Prospects. The 2012 Revision. See: http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm. [September 8, 2014].
    1. Waldheim Charles
    . 2014. Claiming Landscape as Architecture. In Cities and Nature, ed. Steiner Frederick. Lincoln Land Institute. In Press.
    1. Weller Richard
    . 2004. Room 4.1.3: Innovations in Landscape Architecture. Philadelphia, PA: Penn Press.
    1. Weller Richard
    . 2006. An Art of Instrumentality: Thinking Through Landscape Urbanism. Waldheim Charles (ed), Landscape Urbanism: A Reference Manifesto New York: Princeton Architectural Press.
    1. Weller Richard
    , 2008. Landscape Sub-urbanism: Towards a Theory and Practice of Landscape Architecture in Contemporary Suburban Conditions. Landscape Journal 27(2): 255–270.
    OpenUrl
    1. Weller Richard
    . 2009. Boomtown 2050: Scenarios for a Rapidly Growing City. Perth, Australia: UWA Publishing.
    1. Weller Richard,
    2. Bolletter Julian
    . 2013. Made in Australia: The Future of Australian Cities. Perth, Australia: UWA Publishing.
    1. Weller Richard,
    2. Hands Tatum
    . 2014. Building the Urban Forest. Scenario Journal. See: http://scenariojournal.com/article/building-the-global-forest/
    1. Wilson Edward.O.
    2006. The Creation: An Appeal to Save Life on Earth. New York: W.W Norton and Co.
    1. Zachos Frank. E.,
    2. Habel Jan Christian
    , eds. 2011. Biodiversity Hotspots: Distribution and Protection of Conservation Priority Areas. Luxembourg: Springer.
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Landscape Journal: 33 (2)
Landscape Journal
Vol. 33, Issue 2
27 Feb 2015
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Back Matter (PDF)
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Landscape Journal.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Stewardship Now?
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Landscape Journal
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Landscape Journal web site.
Citation Tools
Stewardship Now?
Richard Weller
Landscape Journal Feb 2015, 33 (2) 85-108; DOI: 10.3368/lj.33.2.85

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Stewardship Now?
Richard Weller
Landscape Journal Feb 2015, 33 (2) 85-108; DOI: 10.3368/lj.33.2.85
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • Humility, Honor, Remembrance, and Reverence: Collaboration Principles between Indigenous Environmental Nonprofits and Environmental Design Colleges
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • A Tribute to Robert B. Riley 1931–2019
  • Fluid or Fixed? Processes that Facilitate or Constrain a Sense of Inclusion in Participatory Schoolyard and Park Design
  • Diversity and Inclusion by Design: A Challenge for Us All
Show more Articles

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • stewardship
  • Ian McHarg
  • Ecology
  • Landscape architecture
  • urbanism
  • planning
  • design
  • geodesign
  • biodiversity
UW Press logo

© 2026 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

Powered by HighWire