Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
  • Alerts
  • Free Issue
  • ASLA Research Grant
  • Other Publications
    • UWP
    • Ecological Restoration
    • Land Economics
    • Native Plants Journal

User menu

  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Landscape Journal
  • Other Publications
    • UWP
    • Ecological Restoration
    • Land Economics
    • Native Plants Journal
  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Landscape Journal

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
  • Alerts
  • Free Issue
  • ASLA Research Grant
  • Follow uwp on Twitter
  • Visit uwp on Facebook
Research ArticlePeer-Reviewed Articles

Seasons of the Year and Perceptions of Public Spaces

Agnieszka Szczepańska and Katarzyna Pietrzyk
Landscape Journal, January 2022, 40 (2) 19-35; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.40.2.19
Agnieszka Szczepańska
Agnieszka Szczepańska is a Research Fellow at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland. She has been awarded the professor title in the Architecture and Urban Planning Science at Gdańsk University of Technology. She has worked as a real estate appraiser. Her interests are in urban planning, urban development and suburbanization process, public spaces, perception of space, the spatial analysis, property and land valuation, and decision making processes.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Katarzyna Pietrzyk
Katarzyna Pietrzyk is a doctoral student at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland. Her specialization is land management, characteristics of space, public spaces, and spatial information systems. Her research areas are revitalization, characteristics of space, the spatial analysis.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

REFERENCES

  1. ↵
    1. Bartoś, M.
    (2003). Tradycja herderowska na Warmii i Mazurach [Herderian tradition in Warmia and Mazury]. Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie, 4, 489–499.
    OpenUrl
  2. ↵
    1. Bartoś, M.
    (2009). Muzeum im. Johann Gottfrieda Herdera w Morągu [Johann Gottfried Herder Museum in Morąg]. Muzeum Warmii Mazur w Olsztynie.
    1. Bąkowska, M.
    (2007). Barwa a architektura—percepcja barwy, elementy kompozycji koloru [Color and architecture—color perception, details of color composition]. Architektura Krajobrazu, 4, 54–63.
    OpenUrl
  3. ↵
    1. Bernaciak, A.
    (2014). Percepcja przestrzeni miejskiej—uczestnicy procesu i ich rola w przestrzeni [The perception of urban space—participants in the process and their role in the space]. Studia Periegetica, 2(12), 13–24.
    OpenUrl
  4. ↵
    1. Bevk, T.,
    2. Martinez, N. M.,
    3. Brereton, P.,
    4. Laloševi, M., &
    5. Perič, M.
    (2017). Iterative digital photo-based assessment for rural landscape perception: A small experiment from County Wicklow, Ireland. Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture, 2, 18–27. https://doi.org/10.14627/537629003
    OpenUrl
  5. ↵
    1. Birmingham Development Plan 2031
    . (2013). Landscape Character Assessment. Birmingham City Council, ARUP.
  6. ↵
    1. Biskup, M.
    (1973). Morąg. In H. Jaworska & M. Lossman (Eds.), Morąg. Z dziejów miasta i powiatu [Morąg: From the history of the town and the district] (pp. 96–99). Pojezierze Olsztyn.
  7. ↵
    1. Cafuta, R. Z.
    (2015). Open space evaluation methodology and three dimensional evaluation model as a base for sustainable development tracking. Sustainability, 7(10), 13690–13712. https://doi.org/10.3390/su71013690
    OpenUrl
  8. ↵
    1. Caramelo Gomes, C., &
    2. Lott Daré, A. C.
    (2010). Color, light and the perception of a built home environment. Proceedings of IX Congreso Nacional del Color, Alicante, Spain, pp. 160–163
    1. Chenoweth, R.
    (1984). Visitor employed photography: A potential tool for landscape architecture. Landscape Journal, 3(2), 136–143.https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.3.2.136
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  9. ↵
    1. Chitrakar, R.
    (2016). Meaning of public space and sense of community: The case of New neighbourhoods in the Kathmandu Valley. International Journal of Architectural Research, 10(1), 213–227
    OpenUrl
  10. ↵
    1. Coeterier, J. F.
    (1996). Dominant attributes in the perception and evaluation of the Dutch landscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 34(1), 27–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-2046(95)00204-9
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  11. ↵
    1. Cosgrove, D. F.
    (1998). Social formation and symbolic landscape. University of Wisconsin Press.
  12. ↵
    1. Cudny, W.
    (2008). The study of the landscape physiognomy of urban areas—the methodology development. Methods of landscape research. Dissertations Commission of Cultural Landscape No. 8. Commission of Cultural Landscape of Polish Geographical Society, 74–85.
  13. ↵
    1. Czerwińska, K.
    (2010). “Ładne to miasto jest!”: Prolegomena do badań nad estetyką miasta [“This city is nice”: A prolegomena to studies on the aesthetics of the city]. Studia Etnologiczne i Antropologiczne, 10, 363–373.
    OpenUrl
  14. ↵
    1. Doherty, G.
    (2010). Urbanisms of color. Harvard University Press.
  15. ↵
    1. Dupont, L.,
    2. Antrop, M., &
    3. Van Eetvelde, V.
    (2014). Eye-tracking analysis in landscape perception research: Influence of photograph properties and landscape characteristics. Landscape Research, 39(4), 417–432. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2013.773966
    OpenUrl
  16. ↵
    1. Eroğlu, E.,
    2. Müderrisoğlu, H., &
    3. Kesim, G. A.
    (2012). The effect of seasonal change of plants compositions on visual perception. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 20(3), 196–205. https://doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2011.646007
    OpenUrl
  17. ↵
    1. Freitag, E.
    (1995). Johann Gottfried Herder: Wielki Obywatel Morąga [Johann Gottfried Herder: The great citizen of Morag]. Muzeum Warmi i Mazur w Olsztynie.
  18. ↵
    1. Garrod, B.
    (2008). Exploring place perception a photo-based analysis. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2), 381–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2007.09.004
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  19. ↵
    1. Gasparini, K.
    (2017). Media-surface design for urban regeneration: The role of colour and light for public space usability. Journal of the International Colour Association, 17, 38–49
    OpenUrl
  20. ↵
    1. Gehl, J.
    (2014). Cities for people. Island press.
  21. ↵
    1. Górka, A.
    (2020). Visual capacity assessment of the open landscape in terms of protection and shaping: Case study of a village in Poland. Sustainability, 12(16), 6319. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166319
    OpenUrl
  22. ↵
    1. Gyurkovich, M., &
    2. Pieczara, M.
    (2021). Using composition to assess and enhance visual values in landscapes. ustainability, 13(8), 4185. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084185
    OpenUrl
  23. ↵
    1. Grządka, K.,
    2. Kowalczyk, B., &
    3. Wysocki, J.
    (2009) Historia [History]. In J. Wysocki (Ed.), Dziedzictwo kulturowe Warmii—Mazur—Powiśla. Stan zachowania, potencjaly i problemy [Cultural heritage of Warmia—Mazuria—Powiśle. State of conservation, potentials and problems] (pp. 18–49). Warmińsko-Mazurskie Biuro Planowania Przestrzennego.
    1. Hands, D. E., &
    2. Brown, R. D.
    (2002). Enhancing visual preference of ecological rehabilitation sites. Landscape and Urban Planning, 58(1), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(01)00240-7
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  24. ↵
    1. Holton, J. A.
    (2008). Grounded theory as a general research methodology. Grounded Theory Review, 7(2), 67–93.
    OpenUrl
    1. Hull, R. B., IV, &
    2. Stewart, W. P.
    (1995). The landscape encountered and experienced while hiking. Environment and Behavior, 27(3), 404–426. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916595273007
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  25. ↵
    1. Jones, M.
    (2007). Seasonality and landscape in northern Europe: An introductory exploration. In H. Palang, H. Sooväli, & A. Printsmann (Eds.), Seasonal landscapes, 7. pringer Science & Business Media.
  26. ↵
    1. Kawiński, P.
    (2011) Organizacja pogańskiej przestrzeni sakralnej Prusów na tle osadnictwa w okresie plemiennym—przyklad Pomezanii, Pogezanii i Warmii [The organization of pagan sacral area within the settlement during the period before the conquest of Prussia by teutonic knights the example of Pomesania, Pogesania and Warmia]. PRUTHENIA, 6, 89–123.
    OpenUrl
  27. ↵
    1. Konecka-Szydłowska, B.
    (2016). Ocena przestrzeni publicznej malych miast aglomeracji poznańskiej [Assessment of public spaces of small towns in the Poznań agglomeration]. Problemy Rozwoju Miast, 3, 5–12.
    OpenUrl
  28. ↵
    1. Kotus, J.
    (1999). Zastosowanie skali dyferencjalu semantycznego do badania obrazu miasta w świadomości mieszkańców [The application of the semantic differential scale for evaluating the residents’ perceptions of a city]. In J. Kaczmarek (Ed.), Zróznicowanie przestrzenne struktur społecznych w duzych miastach (pp. 91–95. Lódzkie Towarzystwo Naukowe.
  29. ↵
    1. Kowalczyk, B.
    (2009). Zabytki ruchome [Movable monument]. In J. Wysocki (Ed.), Dziedzictwo kulturowe Warmii—Mazur—Powiśla. Stan zachowania, potencjaly i problemy [Cultural heritage of Warmia—Mazuria—Powiśle. State of conservation, potentials and problems] (pp. 308–320). WarmińskoMazurskie Biuro Planowania Przestrzennego.
  30. ↵
    1. Kuper, R.
    (2013). Here and gone: The visual effects of seasonal changes in plant and vegetative characteristics on landscape preference criteria. Landscape Journal, 32(1), 65–78.https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.32.1.65
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  31. ↵
    1. Kuper, R.
    (2020). Effects of flowering, foliation, and autumn colors on preference and restorative potential for designed digital landscape models. Environment and Behavior, 52(5), 544–576.https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916518811424
    OpenUrl
  32. ↵
    1. Landscape Sensitivity and Capacity Assessment
    . (2017). Report. Chelmsford City Council. Amec Foster Wheeler Environment & Infrastructure UK Limited.
  33. ↵
    1. Larsson, A., &
    2. Chapman, D.
    (2020). Perceived impact of meteorological conditions on the use of public space in winter settlements. International Journal of Biometeorology, 64(4), 631–642.https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-019-01852-5
    OpenUrl
  34. ↵
    1. Lenclos, J. P.
    (2009). The geography of colour. In T. Porter & B. Mikellides (Eds.), Colour for architecture today (pp. 30–35). Taylor & Francis.
  35. ↵
    1. Li, C.,
    2. Shen, S., &
    3. Ding, L.
    (2020). Evaluation of the winter landscape of the plant community of urban park green spaces based on the scenic beauty estimation method in Yangzhou, China. PLoS One, 15(10), 1–12.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239849
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  36. ↵
    1. Liang, X.,
    2. Tian, H.,
    3. Li, X.,
    4. Huang, J.-L.,
    5. Clarke, K. C.,
    6. Yao, Y.,
    7. Guan, Q., &
    8. Hu, G.
    (2021). Modeling the dynamics and walking accessibility of urban open spaces under various policy scenarios. Landscape and Urban Planning, 207, 1–16.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103993
    OpenUrl
    1. Lukman, A.
    (2019). Specifying colors that support safe built environment. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 248, 1–14.
    OpenUrl
  37. ↵
    1. Manav, B.
    (2013). A research on light-color perception: Can visual images be used instead of 1/1 model study for space perception? Psychology, 4(09), 711–716.http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/psych.2013.49101
    OpenUrl
  38. ↵
    1. McLellan, G., &
    2. Guaralda, M.
    (2018). Exploring environmental colour design in urban contexts. Journal of Public Space, 3(1), 93–102.https://doi.org/10.5204/jps.v3i1.320
    OpenUrl
  39. ↵
    1. Mikellides, B., &
    2. Osborne, R.
    (2019). Seeing colours. In T. Porter & B. Mikellides (Eds.), Colour for architecture today (pp. 13–17). Taylor & Francis.
  40. ↵
    1. Minah, G.
    (2008). Colour as idea: The conceptual basis for using colour in architecture and urban design. Colour: Design & Creativity, 2(3), 1–9.
    OpenUrl
  41. ↵
    Morąg: Miasto z przeszłością—miasto z przyszłością= die Stadt mit der Vergangenheit—die Stadt der Zukunft [Morąg: A city with a past—a city with a future = die Stadt mit der Vergangenheit—die Stadt der Zukunft]. (2016). Amistad.
  42. ↵
    1. Mroczko, M.
    (1994). Aspiracje i zagrozenia. Kwestia Prus Wschodnich w polskiej myśli politycznej (od końca XIX wieku do pierwszych lat Polski Niepodleglej) [Aspirations and threats. The question of East Prussia in Polish political thought (from the end of the 19th century to the first years of independent Poland)]. Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie, (2–3), 261–269.
  43. ↵
    1. Nayak, P. D. S. M.
    (2019). Strengths and weakness of online surveys. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 24(5), 31–38.
    OpenUrl
  44. ↵
    1. Nesticò, A.,
    2. Fiore, P., &
    3. D’Andria, E.
    (2020). Enhancement of small towns in inland areas. A novel indicators dataset to evaluate sustainable plans. Sustainability, 12(16), 6359.https://doi.org/10.3390/su12166359
    OpenUrl
  45. ↵
    1. Oku, H., &
    2. Fukamachi, K.
    (2006). The differences in scenic perception of forest visitors through their attributes and recreational activity. Landscape and Urban Planning, 75(1‖2), 34–42.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.10.008
    OpenUrlCrossRef
    1. Osgood, C. E.,
    2. Succi, G. J., &
    3. Tannenbaum, P. H.
    (1957).The measurement of meaning. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
  46. ↵
    1. Özhanci, E.,
    2. Yilmaz, H., &
    3. Yilmaz, S.
    (2012). Perception of seasonal change in plant designs by university students. Architectoni Ca, 1(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.5618/arch.2012.v1.n1.3
    OpenUrl
  47. ↵
    1. Patuano, A.
    (2018). Measuring naturalness and complexity using the fractal dimensions of landscape photographs. Journal of Digital Landscape Architecture, 3, 328–335. https://doi.org/10.14627/537642035
    OpenUrl
  48. ↵
    1. Popek, S.
    (1999). Barwy i psychika. Percepcja, ekspresja, projekcja [Colors and psyche. Perception, expression, projection]. UMCS.
  49. ↵
    1. Prestholdt, R., &
    2. Nordbø, I.
    (2015). Norwegian landscapes: An assessment of the aesthetical visual dimensions of some rural destinations in Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 15(1–2), 202–222. https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2015.1014129
    OpenUrl
  50. ↵
    1. Priscilla, G.
    (2005). Fundamentals of survey research methodology. MITRE.
  51. ↵
    1. Radwan, A. H.
    (2015). Color in architecture is it just an aesthetic value or a true human need? International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research, 4(12), 523–533.
    OpenUrl
  52. ↵
    1. Rodaway, P.
    (2002). Sensuous geographies: Body, sense and place. Routledge.
  53. ↵
    1. Shooshtarian, S., &
    2. Rajagopalan, P.
    (2019). Perception of wind in open spaces. Climate, 7(9), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli7090106
    OpenUrl
  54. ↵
    1. Solarz-Taciak, S., &
    2. Taciak, W. P.
    (2016). awny Morąg w stuilustrowanych opowieściach [Former Morąg in one hundred illustrated stories]. Oficyna Wydawnicza Retman.
  55. ↵
    1. Song, Y.,
    2. Fernandez, J., &
    3. Wang, T.
    (2020). Understanding perceived site qualities and experiences of urban public spaces: A case study of social media reviews in Bryant Park, New York City. Sustainability, 12(19), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12198036
    OpenUrl
  56. ↵
    1. Stewart, W. P.,
    2. Liebert, D., &
    3. Larkin, K. W.
    (2004). Community identities as visions for landscape change. Landscape and Urban Planning, 69(2–3), 315–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.07.005
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  57. ↵
    1. Swanwick, C., &
    2. Fairclough, G.
    (2018). Landscape character: Experience from Britain. In G. Fairclough, H. J. Sarlöv, & C. Swanwick (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Landscape Character Assessment. Current Approaches to Characterization and Assessment (pp. 21–26). Routledge.
  58. ↵
    1. Szczepańska, A., &
    2. Pietrzyk, K.
    (2019). A multidimensional analysis of spatial order in public spaces: A case study of the town Morąg, Poland. Bulletin of Geography Socio-economic Series, 44, 115–129. https://doi.org/10.2478/bog-2019-0020
    OpenUrl
  59. ↵
    1. Szczepańska, A., &
    2. Pietrzyk, K.
    (2020). An evaluation of public spaces with the use of direct and remotem ethods. Land, 9(11), 419. https://doi.org/10.3390/land9110419
    OpenUrl
  60. ↵
    1. Taherdoost, H.
    (2016). How to design and create an effective survey/questionnaire; a step by step guide. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(4), 37–41.
    OpenUrl
  61. ↵
    1. Tarajko-Kowalska, J.
    (2010). Kolor w miejskiej przestrzeni publicznej [Color in the urban public space]. Czasopismo Techniczne, 6, 243–251.
    OpenUrl
  62. ↵
    1. Tota, P.
    (2015). Miasto oswojone. Znaczenie kompozycji urbanistycznej dla orientacji w przestrzeni miasta [Tamed city. The importance of urban composition for the orientation in the city space]. środowisko Mieszkaniowe, 14, 180–189.
    OpenUrl
  63. ↵
    1. Tveit, M. S., &
    2. Sang, A. O.
    (2014). Landscape assessment in metropolitan areas—developing a visual indicator-based approach. SPOOL, 1(1), 301–316.https://doi.org/10.7480/spool.2014.1.641
    OpenUrl
  64. ↵
    1. Uzun, O., &
    2. Muuml, H.
    (2011). Visual landscape quality in landscape planning: Examples of Kars and Ardahan cities in Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6(6), 1627–1638. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJAR10.657
    OpenUrl
  65. ↵
    1. Vasiljević-Tomić, D.
    (2009). Culture of colour in the city. Arhitektura i urbanizm, 26, 12–22.
    OpenUrl
  66. ↵
    1. Vasiljević-Tomić, D., &
    2. Marić, I.
    (2011). Colour in the city: Principles of nature—climate characteristics. Facta Universitatis—Series: Architecture and Civil Engineering, 9(2), 315–323.https://doi.org/10.2298/FUACE1102315V
    OpenUrl
  67. ↵
    1. Wang, R., &
    2. Zhao, J.
    (2020). Effects of evergreen trees on landscape preference and perceived restorativeness across seasons. Landscape Research, 45, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2019.1699507.
    OpenUrl
  68. ↵
    1. Wu, J., &
    2. Plantinga, A. J.
    (2003). The influence of public open space on urban spatial structure. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 46(2), 288–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0095-0696(03)00023-8.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  69. ↵
    1. Xiaomin, D., &
    2. Yilin, K.
    (2009). Urban colourscape planning: A colour study of the architecture of Karlskrona. Master’s thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola—Institute of Technology.
  70. ↵
    1. Xu, J.
    (2019). Colour in urban places: A case study of Leicester City Football Club blue. Color Research & Application, 44(4), 613–621.https://doi.org/10.1002/col.22378
    OpenUrl
  71. ↵
    1. Yamashita, S.
    (2002). Perception and evaluation of water in landscape: Use of photo-projective method to compare child and adult residents’ perceptions of a Japanese river environment. Landscape and Urban Planning, 62(1), 3–17.https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-2046(02)00093-2
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  72. ↵
    1. Zennaro, P.
    (2017). Strategies in colour choice for architectural built environment. Journal of the International Colour Association, 19, 15–22.
    OpenUrl
  73. ↵
    1. Zhao, J.,
    2. Xu, W., &
    3. Li, R.
    (2017). Visual preference of trees: The effects of tree attributes and seasons. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 25, 19–25.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2017.04.015
    OpenUrl
  74. ↵
    1. Zybaczynski, V. M.
    (2013). The colour of architecture. Past and present. Urbanism. Arhitecturą. Construcţii, 4(4), 93–96.
    OpenUrl
  75. ↵
    1. Zybaczynski, V. M.
    (2014). Colour-important factor in preserving the local identity. Urbanism. Arhitecturą. Construcţii, 5(4), 87–92.
    OpenUrl
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Landscape Journal: 40 (2)
Landscape Journal
Vol. 40, Issue 2
1 Jan 2021
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Back Matter (PDF)
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Landscape Journal.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Seasons of the Year and Perceptions of Public Spaces
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Landscape Journal
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Landscape Journal web site.
Citation Tools
Seasons of the Year and Perceptions of Public Spaces
Agnieszka Szczepańska, Katarzyna Pietrzyk
Landscape Journal Jan 2022, 40 (2) 19-35; DOI: 10.3368/lj.40.2.19

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Seasons of the Year and Perceptions of Public Spaces
Agnieszka Szczepańska, Katarzyna Pietrzyk
Landscape Journal Jan 2022, 40 (2) 19-35; DOI: 10.3368/lj.40.2.19
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • INTRODUCTION
    • MATERIALS AND METHODS
    • RESULTS
    • SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
    • PEER REVIEW STATEMENT
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Gestures in Stone: Pilgrims and the Vernacular Landscape of the Camino de Santiago de Compostela
  • Students’ Perceptions of Campus Green Open Space Patronage in a Nigerian University
  • Experiments in the Desert: The Art and Science of Lightning Along U.S. Route 60
Show more Peer-Reviewed Articles

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • Urban public space
  • perceptions and assessments of space
  • seasons of the year
  • colors
UW Press logo

© 2025 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

Powered by HighWire