Research ArticlePeer-Reviewed Articles
Artificial Intelligence in Landscape Architecture
A Literature Review
Phillip Fernberg and Brent Chamberlain
Landscape Journal, May 2023, 42 (1) 13-35; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.42.1.13
Phillip Fernberg
Phillip Fernberg is a landscape designer, PhD candidate, and researcher in Utah State University’s Visualization, Instrumentation and Virtual Interaction Design (VIVID) Laboratory. He has earned an MLA from Louisiana State University and a BA in Latin American Studies from Brigham Young University. Fernberg’s current research focuses on spatial cognition in complex virtual environments and the implications of artificial intelligence for landscape architecture practice. He has published articles in several international journals and magazines and is a current recipient of the LAF Fellowship for Innovation and Leadership.
Brent Chamberlain
Brent Chamberlain, PhD, is an associate professor of landscape architecture and environmental planning at Utah State University. His expertise as a computational environmental planner is built on three foci: 1) visualization and spatial data science, 2) applied computational approaches (including optimization and artificial intelligence), and 3) environmental perception and affect related to built and natural environments. His work has been published in several international journals, and his research has been funded by several national and state agencies, including the NSF, DoD, NIDILRR, UT DOT, and UT Public Lands. More can be found at:

REFERENCES
- ↵
- Abdollahi, S.,
- Ildoromi, A.,
- Salmanmahini, A., &
- Fakheran, S.
- ↵
- Abduljabbar, R.,
- Dia, H.,
- Liyanage, S., &
- Bagloee, S. A.
- ↵
- Abdullah, M. S.,
- Kimble, C.,
- Benest, I., &
- Paige, R.
- ↵
- Abioye, S. O.,
- Oyedele, L. O.,
- Akanbi, L.,
- Ajayi, A.,
- Davila Delgado, J. M.,
- Bilal, M.,
- Akinade, O. O., &
- Ahmed, A.
- ↵
- Abusaada, H., &
- Elshater, A.
- ↵
- Akerkar, R., &
- Sajja, P.
- ↵
- Alegria, C.,
- Roque, N.,
- Albuquerque, T.,
- Fernandez, P., &
- Ribeiro, M. M.
- ↵
- Alina, P.,
- Oliviu-Dorin, M.,
- Iuliana, B., &
- Valean, H.
- ↵
- Allam, Z., &
- Dhunny, Z. A.
- ↵
- Almahmood, M., &
- Skov-Petersen, H.
- ↵
- Amorós, L., &
- J. Ledesma
- ↵
- Anderson, K. E.,
- Glenn, N. F.,
- Spaete, L. P.,
- Shinneman, D. J.,
- Pilliod, D. S.,
- Arkle, R. S.,
- McIlroy, S. K., &
- Derryberry, D. R.
- ↵
- Ask, P., &
- Carlsson, M.
- ↵
- ASLA
- ↵
- Barbarash, D.,
- Rasheed, M., &
- Gupta, A.
- ↵
- Barbieri, L.,
- Wyngaard, J.,
- Galford, G. L.,
- Thomer, A.,
- Bittner, C., &
- Adair, C.
- ↵
- Bergier, I.,
- Silva, A. P. S.,
- Abreu, U. G. P. D.,
- Oliveira, L. O. F. D.,
- Tomazi, M.,
- Dias, F. R. T.,
- Urbanetz, C.,
- Nogueira, É., &
- Borges-Silva, J. C.
- ↵
- Bergmann, R.,
- Kolodner, J., &
- Plaza, E.
- ↵
- Brezar, Z.
- ↵
- Bryant, M.
- ↵
- Burkhardt, J.,
- Chan, N. W.,
- Bollinger, B., &
- Gillingham, K. T.
- ↵
- Bzdok, D.,
- Krzywinski, M., &
- Altman, N.
- ↵
- Cantrell, B.,
- Ellis, E.,
- Hill, K., &
- Martin, L.
- ↵
- Cantrell, B.,
- Martin, L. J., &
- Ellis, E. C.
- ↵
- Cantrell, B., &
- Mekies, A.
- ↵
- Cantrell, B.,
- Zhang, Z., &
- Liu, X.
- ↵
- César de Lima Araújo, H.,
- Silva Martins, F.,
- Tucunduva Philippi Cortese, T., &
- Locosselli, G. M.
- ↵
- Chai, C.,
- Song, Y., &
- Qin, Z.
- ↵
- Chamberlain, B. C., &
- Meitner, M. J.
- ↵
- Chandak, Y.,
- Theocharous, G.,
- Kostas, J.,
- Jordan, S., &
- Thomas, P.
- ↵
- Chaturvedi, V., &
- de Vries, W. T.
- ↵
- Chen, C. H.
- ↵
- Cherkauer, K. A.,
- Bowling, L. C.,
- Lee, C.,
- Singh, N.,
- Smith, S., &
- Zhu, Y.
- ↵
- Chiabai, A.,
- Quiroga, S.,
- Martinez-Juarez, P.,
- Higgins, S., &
- Taylor, T.
- ↵
- Chowdhary, K. R.
- ↵
- Dong, J.,
- Guo, F.,
- Lin, M.,
- Zhang, H., &
- Zhu, P.
- ↵
- Dreith, B.
- ↵
- Emaminejad, N., &
- Akhavian, R.
- ↵
- Ervin, S. M.
- ↵
- Ervin, S. M.
- ↵
- Eyvindson, K.,
- Rasinmäki, J., &
- Kangas, A.
- ↵
- Faisal, A.,
- Kamruzzaman, M.,
- Yigitcanlar, T., &
- Currie, G.
- ↵
- Fengjing, L.,
- Dong, L., &
- Liwei, X.
- ↵
- Fernberg, P., &
- Chamberlain, B.
- ↵
- Fernberg, P.,
- Sturla, P., &
- Chamberlain, B.
- ↵
- Frondorf, A. F.,
- McCarthy, M. M., &
- Rasmussen, W. O.
- ↵
- Gärtner, S.,
- Reynolds, K. M.,
- Hessburg, P. F.,
- Hummel, S., &
- Twery, M.
- ↵
- Ghermandi, A.,
- Depietri, Y., &
- Sinclair, M.
- ↵
- Goodwin, C. E. D.,
- Bütikofer, L.,
- Hatfield, J. H.,
- Evans, P. M.,
- Bullock, J. M.,
- Storkey, J.,
- Mead, A.,
- Richter, G. M.,
- Henrys, P. A.,
- Pywell, R. F., &
- Redhead, J. W.
- ↵
- Groot, J. C. J.,
- Yalew, S. G., &
- Rossing, W. A. H.
- ↵
- Harmon, B. A.,
- Nam, H. Y.,
- Gilbert, H., &
- Iravani, N.
- ↵
- Harrouk, C.
- ↵
- Hastie, T.,
- Tibshirani, R., &
- Friedman, J.
- ↵
- Hickman, M.
- ↵
- Hogan, S. D.,
- Kelly, M.,
- Stark, B., &
- Chen, Y.
- ↵
- Huang, L.
- ↵
- Hummel, S., &
- Cunningham, P.
- ↵
- Hurkxkens, I.,
- Fahmi, F., &
- Mirjan, A.
- ↵
- Hurkxkens, I.,
- Mirjan, A.,
- Gramazio, F.,
- Kohler, M., &
- Girot, C.
- ↵
- Imran, H. M.,
- Akib, S., &
- Karim, M. R.
- ↵
- International Map of Robots in the Creative Industry
- ↵
- Jahani, A.,
- Kalantary, S., &
- Alitavoli, A.
- ↵
- Johns, R. L.,
- Wermelinger, M.,
- Mascaro, R.,
- Jud, D.,
- Gramazio, F.,
- Kohler, M.,
- Chli, M., &
- Hutter, M.
- ↵
- Kälin, U.,
- Lang, N.,
- Hug, C.,
- Gessler, A., &
- Wegner, J. D.
- ↵
- Kampichler, C., &
- Sierdsema, H.
- ↵
- Kaya, A.,
- Bettinger, P.,
- Boston, K.,
- Akbulut, R.,
- Ucar, Z.,
- Siry, J.,
- Merry, K., &
- Cieszewski, C.
- ↵
- Khalilnezhad, S. T.
- ↵
- Koma, S.,
- Yamabe, Y., &
- Tani, A.
- ↵
- Kotsiantis, S. B.,
- Zaharakis, I., &
- Pintelas, P.
- ↵
- Kullmann, K.
- ↵
- LABOK Task Force
- ↵
- Langley, W. N.,
- Corry, R. C., &
- Brown, R. D.
- ↵
- Leippert, F.,
- Darmaun, M.,
- Bernoux, M., &
- Mpheshea, M.
- ↵
- Li, X.,
- Lin, J.,
- Chen, Y.,
- Liu, X., &
- Ai, B.
- ↵
- Lin, Y.-P.,
- Verburg, P. H.,
- Chang, C.-R.,
- Chen, H.-Y., &
- Chen, M.-H.
- ↵
- Lindhult, M. S.
- ↵
- Liu, G.,
- Han, S.,
- Zhao, X.,
- Nelson, J. D.,
- Wang, H., &
- Wang, W.
- ↵
- Liu, W.-Y., &
- Lin, C.-C.
- ↵
- Liu, X., &
- Tian, R.
- ↵
- Lorilla, R. S.,
- Poirazidis, K.,
- Detsis, V.,
- Kalogirou, S., &
- Chalkias, C.
- ↵
- Malone, T. W.,
- Rus, D., &
- Laubacher, R.
- ↵
- Mata, J.,
- de Miguel, I.,
- Durán, R. J.,
- Merayo, N.,
- Singh, S. K.,
- Jukan, A., &
- Chamania, M.
- ↵
- McCarthy, M. M., &
- Portner, J.
- ↵
- Miller, N.
- ↵
- Minařík, R., &
- Langhammer, J.
- ↵
- Miranda, A.,
- Carrasco, J.,
- González, M.,
- Pais, C.,
- Lara, A.,
- Altamirano, A.,
- Weintraub, A., &
- Syphard, A. D.
- ↵
- Mirjalili, S., &
- Dong, J. S.
- ↵
- Mohanty, S. P.,
- Hughes, D. P., &
- Salathé, M.
- ↵
- Monge, J. C.
- ↵
- Mouchet, M. A.,
- Lamarque, P.,
- Martín-López, B.,
- Crouzat, E.,
- Gos, P.,
- Byczek, C., &
- Lavorel, S.
- ↵
- Naderi, J. R., &
- Raman, B.
- New Landscape Declaration
- ↵
- Ngarega, B. K.,
- Masocha, V. F., &
- Schneider, H.
- ↵
- Nitoslawski, S. A.,
- Galle, N. J.,
- Van Den Bosch, C. K., &
- Steenberg, J. W. N.
- ↵
- Novikov, A. I., &
- Ersson, B. T.
- ↵
- Ogrin, D.
- ↵
- Peng, J.,
- Zhao, S.,
- Dong, J.,
- Liu, Y.,
- Meersmans, J.,
- Li, H., &
- Wu, J.
- ↵
- Petrich, C.
- ↵
- Polk, M.
- ↵
- Prince, S. J. D.
- ↵
- Public Health Agency Canada
- ↵
- Queiroz, C.,
- Meacham, M.,
- Richter, K.,
- Norström, A. V.,
- Andersson, E.,
- Norberg, J., &
- Peterson, G.
- ↵
- Raman, T. A.,
- Kollar, J., &
- Penman, S.
- ↵
- Rutenbar, R. A.
- ↵
- Sai, M. S.,
- Kumar, K., &
- Prakash, B.
- ↵
- Schlickman, E.
- ↵
- Shanthala Devi, B. S.,
- Murthy, M. S. R.,
- Debnath, B., &
- Jha, C. S.
- ↵
- Shapira, A.,
- Shoshany, M., &
- Nir-Goldenberg, S.
- ↵
- Slager, C. T. J., &
- de Vries, B.
- ↵
- Song, Y.,
- Ning, H.,
- Ye, X.,
- Chandana, D., &
- Wang, S.
- ↵
- Song, Y.,
- Wang, R.,
- Fernandez, J., &
- Li, D.
- ↵
- Souza, J. T. de,
- Francisco, A. C. de,
- Piekarski, C. M., &
- Prado, G. F. do.
- ↵
- Stamou, Z.,
- Xystrakis, F., &
- Koutsias, N.
- ↵
- Suppakittpaisarn, P.,
- Lu, Y.,
- Jiang, B., &
- Slavenas, M.
- ↵
- Sutton, R. S.
- ↵
- Szeliski, R.
- ↵
- Tack, S.
- ↵
- Talaviya, T.,
- Shah, D.,
- Patel, N.,
- Yagnik, H., &
- Shah, M.
- ↵
- Tarca, A. L.,
- Carey, V. J.,
- Chen, X.,
- Romero, R., &
- Drăghici, S.
- ↵
- Tebyanian, N.
- ↵
- Thomson, J.,
- Regan, T. J.,
- Hollings, T.,
- Amos, N.,
- Geary, W. L.,
- Parkes, D.,
- Hauser, C. E., &
- White, M.
- ↵
- Van Assche, K.,
- Beunen, R.,
- Duineveld, M., &
- de Jong, H.
- ↵
- van Strien, M. J., &
- Grêt-Regamey, A.
- ↵
- von Haaren, C.,
- Warren-Kretzschmar, B.,
- Milos, C., &
- Werthmann, C.
- ↵
- von Wodtke, M.
- ↵
- Vovchenko, N.,
- Novikov, A.,
- Sokolov, S., &
- Tishchenko, E.
- ↵
- Vrontis, D.,
- Christofi, M.,
- Pereira, V.,
- Tarba, S.,
- Makrides, A., &
- Trichina, E.
- ↵
- Wael, S.,
- Elshater, A., &
- Afifi, S.
- ↵
- Wang, X.
- ↵
- Wang, Z.,
- Zhu, Z.,
- Xu, M., &
- Qureshi, S.
- ↵
- Wang, Z.-H.,
- Zhao, X.,
- Yang, J., &
- Song, J.
- ↵
- Wartmann, F. M.,
- Koblet, O., &
- Purves, R. S.
- ↵
- Wasif, M.
- ↵
- Westort, C., &
- Shen, Z.
- ↵
- Westphal, M. I.,
- Field, S. A., &
- Possingham, H. P.
- ↵
- Wu, N., &
- Silva, E. A.
- ↵
- Yang, B., &
- Xu, Y.
- ↵
- Yang, C., &
- Liu, T.
- ↵
- Yang, J.,
- Fricker, P., &
- Jung, A.
- ↵
- Yang, L.,
- Iwami, M.,
- Chen, Y.,
- Wu, M., &
- van Dam, K. H.
- ↵
- Yigitcanlar, T.,
- Desouza, K. C.,
- Butler, L., &
- Roozkhosh, F.
- ↵
- Yue, L.,
- Chen, W.,
- Li, X.,
- Zuo, W., &
- Yin, M.
- ↵
- Zank, B.,
- Bagstad, K. J.,
- Voigt, B., &
- Villa, F.
- ↵
- Zeiger, M.
- ↵
- Zema, D. A.,
- Lucas-Borja, M. E.,
- Fotia, L.,
- Rosaci, D.,
- Sarnè, G. M. L., &
- Zimbone, S. M.
- ↵
- Zhang, L., &
- Liu, B.
- ↵
- Zhang, R.,
- Zhao, Y.,
- Kong, J.,
- Cheng, C.,
- Liu, X., &
- Zhang, C.
- ↵
- Zhang, Z.
- ↵
- Zhang, Z., &
- Bowes, B.
- ↵
- Zhu, Y., &
- Yan, E.
In this issue
Landscape Journal
Vol. 42, Issue 1
1 May 2023
Artificial Intelligence in Landscape Architecture
Phillip Fernberg, Brent Chamberlain
Landscape Journal May 2023, 42 (1) 13-35; DOI: 10.3368/lj.42.1.13
Jump to section
Related Articles
- No related articles found.
Cited By...
- No citing articles found.