Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
  • Alerts
  • ASLA Research Grant
  • Other Publications
    • UWP
    • Ecological Restoration
    • Land Economics
    • Native Plants Journal

User menu

  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Landscape Journal
  • Other Publications
    • UWP
    • Ecological Restoration
    • Land Economics
    • Native Plants Journal
  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Landscape Journal

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
  • Alerts
  • ASLA Research Grant
  • Follow uwp on Twitter
  • Visit uwp on Facebook
Research ArticlePeer-Reviewed Articles

Teaching Design as an Infinite Game

Adaptive Systems and Resilient Landscapes

Noah Billig and Tori Kjer
Landscape Journal, May 2023, 42 (1) 91-107; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/lj.42.1.91
Noah Billig
Noah Billig, PhD, is an associate professor of Landscape Architecture and Planning in the Fay Jones School of Architecture and Design at the University of Arkansas. He has taught, researched, and worked in the landscape architecture and planning fields in the United States, Turkey, and Austria. His research focuses on adaptive design and planning, including community engagement; environmental justice; generative design; and perceptions of environments.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Tori Kjer
Tori Kjer, executive director at the Los Angeles Neighborhood Land Trust, holds a master’s degree and licensure in landscape architecture, with over a decade’s experience implementing projects and advocating for policies focused on improving community health outcomes through fresh food access, stormwater capture, and green space development. Previously as LA program director of the Trust for Public Land, Kjer established TPL’s Los Angeles Parks for People Program, collaborating with partners and community stakeholders to identify priorities, build trust, and lead coalitions, helping raise over $50 million in public and private grants and overseeing the development of a dozen new parks.
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

REFERENCES

  1. ↵
    1. Alexander, C.
    (2002a). The nature of order: An essay on the art of building and the nature of the universe; book one: The phenomenon of life. Berkeley, CA: Center for Environmental Structure.
  2. ↵
    1. Alexander, C.
    (2002b). The nature of order: An essay on the art of building and the nature of the universe; book two: The process of creating life. Berkeley, CA: Center for Environmental Structure.
  3. ↵
    1. Alexander, C.
    (2004). The nature of order: An essay on the art of building and the nature of the universe; book four: The luminous ground. Berkeley, CA: Center for Environmental Structure.
  4. ↵
    1. Alexander, C.
    (2005). The nature of order: An essay on the art of building and the nature of the universe; book three: A vision of a living world. Center for environmental structure series. Vol. 9. Berkeley, CA: Center for Environmental Structure.
  5. ↵
    1. Alexander, C.,
    2. Moore Alexander, M.,
    3. Hanson, B.,
    4. Schmidt, R., and
    5. Mehaffy, M.
    (2008). Generative codes: The path to welcoming, beautiful and sustainable neighborhoods. In T. Haas (Ed.), New Urbanism and beyond: designing cities for the future. Rizzoli.
  6. ↵
    1. Barnett, R.
    (2005). Artweb: A nonlinear model for urban development. Landscape Review, 9, 26–44.
    OpenUrl
  7. ↵
    1. Barnett, R.
    (2013). Emergence in landscape architecture. Routledge.
  8. ↵
    1. Batty, M.
    (2000). Less is more, more is different: Complexity, morphology, cities, and emergence. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 27.
  9. ↵
    1. Beck, T.
    (2013). Principles of ecological landscape design. Island Press.
  10. ↵
    1. Bell, S.
    (1999) Landscape pattern, perception and process. Spon.
  11. ↵
    1. Carse, J.
    (1986). Finite and infinite games. Simon and Schuster.
  12. ↵
    1. Corner, J.
    (1999). The agency of mapping: Speculation, critique and invention (pp. 213–252). na.
  13. ↵
    1. Corner, J.
    (2006). Terra fluxus. The landscape urbanism reader, 21–33.
  14. ↵
    1. Cronan, D.,
    2. Trammell, E. J., &
    3. Kliskey, A.
    (2022). Images to evoke decision-making: Building compelling representations for stakeholder-driven futures. Sustainability, 14(5), 2980.
    OpenUrl
  15. ↵
    1. De la Peña, D.
    (2019). Beyond guerrilla urbanism: Can Batlló and the slowness of knowing, managing, and making. Urban Design International, 25(2), 126–136.
    OpenUrl
  16. ↵
    1. De la Peña, D.,
    2. Allen, D. J.,
    3. Hester, R. T.,
    4. Hou, J.,
    5. Lawson, L. L., &
    6. McNally, M. J.
    (Eds.). (2017). Design as democracy: Techniques for collective creativity. Island Press.
  17. ↵
    1. Di Palma, V., &
    2. Robinson, A.
    (2018). Willful waters. Places Journal.
  18. ↵
    1. Dramstad, W.,
    2. Olson, J., &
    3. Forman, R.
    (1996). Landscape ecology principles in landscape architecture and land-use planning. Island Press.
  19. ↵
    1. Fisher, T.
    (2016). Getting ready for the great disruption. Pragmatic sustainability-dispositions for critical adaptation.
  20. ↵
    1. Gandy, M.
    (2016). Unintentional landscapes. Landscape Research, 41(4), 433–440.
    OpenUrl
  21. ↵
    1. Geffel, M.
    (2021). Landscape design through maintenance: Field case studies in parametric mowing. Landscape Journal, 39(2), 1–16.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  22. ↵
    1. Gumprecht, B.
    (2001). The Los Angeles River: Its life, death, and possible rebirth. JHU Press.
  23. ↵
    1. Harré, N.,
    2. Grant, B. M.,
    3. Locke, K., &
    4. Sturm, S.
    (2017). The university as an infinite game. Australian Universities’ Review, 59(2), 5–13.
    OpenUrl
  24. ↵
    1. Hélie, M.
    (2009). Conceptualizing the principles of emergent urbanism. Archnet IJAR, 3(2), 75–91.
    OpenUrl
  25. ↵
    1. Hester Jr, R. T.
    (2010). Design for ecological democracy. MIT press.
  26. ↵
    1. Hise, G., &
    2. Deverell, W. F.
    , (2000). Eden by design: The 1930 Olmsted-Bartholomew plan for the Los Angeles region. Univ of California Press.
  27. ↵
    1. Lehrer, M., &
    2. Latane, C.
    (2018). The Los Angeles River Projects and Perspectives from a Private Practice. In T. Way (Ed.), River Cities: City Rivers (pp. 347–366). Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
  28. ↵
    1. Lister, N. M.
    , (2015). Is landscape ecology? Is Landscape … ?: Essays on the Identity of Landscape. Routledge.
  29. ↵
    1. Lyle, J.
    , (1999). Design for human ecosystems: Landscape, land use, and natural resources. Island Press.
  30. ↵
    1. McHarg, I. L.
    (1969). Design with nature (pp. 7–17). American Museum of Natural History.
  31. ↵
    1. McPhee, J.
    (1988). The control of nature: Los Angeles against the mountains. New Yorker Magazine, Incorporated.
  32. ↵
    1. Mehaffy, M.
    (2008). Generative methods in urban design: A progress assessment. Journal of Urbanism: International Research on Placemaking and Urban Sustainability, 1(1), 57–75.
    OpenUrl
  33. ↵
    1. Nassauer J. and
    2. Corry, R.
    (2004). Landscape Ecology, 19, 343–356.
    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
  34. ↵
    1. Oliver, J. J., &
    2. Parrett, E.
    (2018). Managing future uncertainty: Reevaluating the role of scenario planning. Business Horizons, 61(2), 339–352.
    OpenUrl
  35. ↵
    1. Reisner, M.
    (1993). Cadillac desert: The American West and its disappearing water. Penguin.
  36. ↵
    1. Rigolon, A., &
    2. Németh, J.
    (2018). We’re not in the business of housing: Environmental gentrification and the nonprofitization of green infrastructure projects. Cities, 81, 71–80.
    OpenUrl
  37. ↵
    1. Salingaros, N. A.
    (2000) Complexity and urban coherence. Journal of Urban Design, 5, 291–316.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  38. ↵
    1. Seymour-Walsh, A. E.
    (2019). Teacher identity, role and purpose. In Foundations for Paramedic Education (pp. 83–97). Springer, Cham.
  39. ↵
    1. Singleton, R. A.,
    2. Straits, B. C.,
    3. Straits, M., &
    4. McAlister, R. J.
    (1999). Approaches to social research: Oxford University Press. New York and Oxford, 9.
  40. ↵
    1. Sinek, S.
    (2019). The infinite game. Penguin.
  41. ↵
    1. Thering, S., &
    2. Chanse, V.
    (2011). The scholarship of transdisciplinary action research toward a new paradigm for the planning and design professions. Landscape Journal, 30(1), 6–18.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  42. ↵
    1. Towne, R.
    (Writer), & Polanski, R. (Director). (1974). Chinatown [Film]. Paramount Pictures.
  43. ↵
    1. US Census Bureau
    . (2018). American Community Survey 3-year Public Use Microdata Samples [SAS Data file]. https://factfinder.census.gov
  44. ↵
    1. Vale, L.
    (2014). The politics of resilient cities: Whose resilience and whose city? Building Research & Information, 42(2), 191–201.
    OpenUrlCrossRef
  45. ↵
    1. Ward, D.
    (2018). Maps and renderings as rhetoric: A critical typology for looking at visualizations of the Los Angeles River [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of California, Los Angeles.
  46. ↵
    1. Washington, T.
    (2015). Don’t call me resilient. NOLA Defender, accessed October 23, 2015, http://www.noladefender.com/content/dont-call-me-resilient
  47. ↵
    1. Woodward, J.
    (2004). Letting Los Angeles go: Lessons from feral landscapes. Landscape Review, 9(2), 59–69.
    OpenUrl
  48. ↵
    1. Woodward, J. H.
    (2008). Envisioning resilience in volatile Los Angeles landscapes. Landscape Journal, 27(1), 97–113.
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  49. ↵
    1. Yin, R. K.
    (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (Vol. 5). Sage.
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Landscape Journal: 42 (1)
Landscape Journal
Vol. 42, Issue 1
1 May 2023
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Back Matter (PDF)
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Landscape Journal.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Teaching Design as an Infinite Game
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Landscape Journal
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Landscape Journal web site.
Citation Tools
Teaching Design as an Infinite Game
Noah Billig, Tori Kjer
Landscape Journal May 2023, 42 (1) 91-107; DOI: 10.3368/lj.42.1.91

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
Teaching Design as an Infinite Game
Noah Billig, Tori Kjer
Landscape Journal May 2023, 42 (1) 91-107; DOI: 10.3368/lj.42.1.91
Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • INTRODUCTION
    • THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
    • STUDIO WORK
    • DISCUSSION
    • CONCLUSION & POSSIBILITIES FOR FURTHER TEACHING, SCHOLARSHIP, AND PRACTICE
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • Footnotes
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Artificial Intelligence in Landscape Architecture
  • Illuminating a Hidden Site
Show more Peer-Reviewed Articles

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • Emergence in landscape architecture
  • studio teaching
  • adaptation
  • Los Angeles River
UWP

© 2023 Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

Powered by HighWire