A Nationwide Survey of Landscape Architecture Professionals’ Perception and Implementation of Sustainable Design

Abstract

The escalating impact of climate change has underscored the need to advance the understanding of sustainable design practices in landscape architecture. This study investigates the actions and priorities of landscape designers in relation to sustainable design, addressing the challenge of bridging the gap between theoretical frameworks and practical implementation. Using a nationwide survey of members of the American Society of Landscape Architects conducted in November and December 2023, the study evaluated five key themes and 23 practices related to sustainable design. The survey assessed respondents’ perceptions of the importance and frequency of application for each theme and practice while also identifying facilitators and barriers that either promote or impede implementation. To explore the sociodemographic and firm‐related factors influencing these perceptions and applications, the study employed a series of linear mixed and stepwise ordinary least squares regression models. The results revealed that employees at landscape architecture firms consistently rated the importance of sustainable practices higher than their reported frequency of application across all 23 sustainable design practices. Social justice was perceived as less important and less frequently applied, whereas stormwater management was identified as the most critical and commonly implemented application. Budget constraints and client interest were found to be the primary barriers to implementing sustainable design. This study contributes valuable insights into the landscape architecture profession and provides a foundational framework to guide future research, professional development, and strategies for advancing sustainable practices in the field.